Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-16 (of 16 Records) |
Query Trace: Charania S[original query] |
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Prevalence of functional disabilities and associations among disabilities, violence, and HIV among adolescents and young adults in Lesotho
Massetti GM , Stamatakis C , Charania S , Annor FB , Rice CE , Hegle J , Ramphalla P , Sechache M , Motheo M . J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024 INTRODUCTION: Lesotho has the second-highest prevalence of HIV. Despite progress in achieving HIV epidemic control targets, inequities persist among certain groups, particularly associations between disability, HIV, and violence. We assessed the prevalence of disability and examined associations between disability and HIV and violence using data from the 2018 Lesotho Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS). METHODS: Lesotho VACS was a nationally representative survey of females and males ages 13-24. We assessed the associations between disability status and HIV, sexual risk behaviours, and violence using logistic regression, incorporating survey weights. RESULTS: Weighted functional disability prevalence was 14.1% for females (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.7-15.4) and 7.3% for males (5.3-9.2). Compared with females with no disabilities, females with disabilities had higher odds of being HIV positive (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.92, 1.34-2.76), having transactional sex (aOR 1.79, 1.09-2.95), and experiencing any lifetime violence (aOR 2.20, 1.82-2.65), sexual violence (aOR 1.77, 1.36-2.31), emotional violence (2.02. 1.61-2.53), physical violence (aOR 1.85, 1.54-2.24), witnessing interparental violence (aOR 1.71, 1.46-2.01), and witnessing community violence (aOR 1.52, 1.26-1.84). Males with disabilities had higher odds of having transactional sex (aOR 4.30, 1.35-13.73), having recent multiple sex partners (aOR 2.31, 1.13-4.75), experiencing emotional violence (aOR 2.85, 1.39-5.82), and witnessing interparental violence (aOR 1.78, 1.12-2.84). HIV models for males did not converge due to low numbers. CONCLUSION: Findings emphasize the importance of inclusion and accessibility for adolescents and young adults with disabilities in prevention and services for violence and HIV. Ending HIV in Lesotho depends on addressing the vulnerabilities that lead to potential infection including violence and ensuring equitable services for all. |
COVID-19 case definitions, diagnostic testing criteria, and surveillance across the pandemic’s 25 highest burden countries (preprint)
Suthar AB , Schubert S , Garon J , Couture A , Brown AM , Charania S . medRxiv 2021 2021.05.11.21257047 Objective We compared suspect, probable, and confirmed case definitions, as well as diagnostic testing criteria, used in the COVID-19 pandemic’s 25 highest burden countries to aid interpretation of global and national surveillance data.Methods We identified the COVID-19 pandemic’s 25 countries with the highest disease burden based on the number of cumulative reported cases to the World Health Organization (WHO) as of 1 October 2020. We searched official websites of these countries for suspect, probable, and confirmed case definitions. Given that confirmation of COVID-19 usually requires diagnostic testing, we also searched for diagnostic testing eligibility criteria in these countries. Extracted case definitions and testing criteria were managed in a database and analyzed in Microsoft Excel.Findings We identified suspect, probable, and confirmed case definitions in 96%, 64%, and 100% of countries, respectively. Testing criteria were identified in 100% of countries. 56% of identified countries followed WHO recommendations for using a combination of clinical and epidemiological criteria as part of the suspect case definition. 75% of identified countries followed WHO recommendations on using clinical, epidemiological, and diagnostic criteria for probable cases. 72% of countries followed WHO recommendations on using PCR testing for confirming a case of COVID-19. Finally, 64% of countries used testing eligibility criteria at least as permissive as WHO.Conclusion There is marked heterogeneity in who is eligible for testing in countries and how countries define a case of COVID-19. This affects the ability to compare burden, transmission, and response impact estimates derived from case surveillance data across countries.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementNoneAuthor DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Not applicableAll necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAll relevant data are available in the manuscript body and appendices. |
Clinical characteristics of children with Tourette syndrome with and without sleep disorder
Ricketts EJ , Wolicki SB , Holbrook JR , Rozenman M , McGuire JF , Charania SN , Piacentini J , Mink JW , Walkup JT , Woods DW , Claussen AH . Pediatr Neurol 2023 141 18-24 BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are common in children with Tourette Syndrome (TS). However, research regarding their demographic and clinical profile is limited. METHODS: We examined characteristics of 114 children aged five to 17 years with a lifetime diagnosis of TS and compared children with sleep disorder (n = 32) and without sleep disorder (n = 82). Parent report from the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome provided demographics and clinical information, other diagnosed disorders, medication use, TS severity, and impairment. RESULTS: More children with TS with sleep disorder were from households with lower parental education (P < 0.01) and poverty (P = 0.04); had other diagnoses (P = 0.03), including obsessive-compulsive disorder (P < 0.01), oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (P < 0.01), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (P = 0.02), and autism (P = 0.03); and had ever used TS medication (P = 0.01) than children with TS without sleep disorder. More children with TS with sleep disorder had severe TS symptoms (P <0.01), tic-related impairment (P<0.01), and severe ADHD symptoms (P < 0.01) compared with children with TS without sleep disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest greater parent-reported impact and tic-related interference in children with TS with sleep disorder compared with TS without sleep disorder. Results underscore the importance of monitoring and intervention for TS exacerbations, other diagnosed disorders, and medication use, and consideration of socioeconomic context in sleep disorder management and prevention in children with TS. |
The utility of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in predicting mental disorders in the Project to Learn About Youth-Mental Health
Danielson ML , Kassab HD , Lee M , Owens JS , Evans SW , Lipton C , Charania S , Young HE , Kubicek LF , Flory K , Cuffe SP . Psychol Sch 2023 60 (7) 2320-2341 We examined the predictive utility of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BASC-2-BESS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in identifying students with a mental disorder. Data were collected in a two-stage study over 34 months with kindergarten-12th grade (K–12) students (aged 5–19 years) in four US school districts. In Stage 1, teachers completed the BASC-2-BESS and the SDQ. In Stage 2, parents of 1054 children completed a structured diagnostic interview to determine presence of a mental disorder. Results suggest that teacher versions of the BASC-2-BESS and SDQ have modest utility in identifying children meeting criteria for a mental disorder based on parent report. Area under the curve (AUC) statistics representing prediction of any externalizing disorder (0.73 for both measures) were higher than the AUCs predicting any internalizing disorder (0.58 for both measures). Findings can inform the use of teacher report in mental health screening, specifically the selection of measures when implementing screening procedures. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. |
State-level estimates of the prevalence of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and treatment among U.S. children and adolescents, 2016 to 2019
Danielson ML , Holbrook JR , Bitsko RH , Newsome K , Charania SN , McCord RF , Kogan MD , Blumberg SJ . J Atten Disord 2022 26 (13) 10870547221099961 OBJECTIVE: To provide state-level estimates of diagnosed ADHD and associated treatment among children in the United States in 2016 to 2019. METHOD: This study used the National Survey of Children's Health to produce national and state-level estimates of lifetime diagnosis and current ADHD among all children aged 3 to 17 years (n=114,476), and national and state-level estimates of medication and behavioral treatment use among children with current ADHD. RESULTS: The state-level estimates of diagnosed ADHD ranged from 6.1% to 16.3%. Among children with current ADHD, state-level estimates of ADHD medication usage ranged from 37.8% to 81.4%, and state-level estimates of behavioral treatment ranged from 38.8% to 61.8%. CONCLUSION: There was substantial state-level variation for indicators of ADHD diagnosis and associated treatment. These state-level results can be used by policymakers, public health practitioners, health care providers, and other stakeholders to help address the service needs of children with ADHD in their states. |
Factors associated with bullying victimization and bullying perpetration in children and adolescents with ADHD: 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children's Health
Cuba Bustinza C , Adams RE , Claussen AH , Vitucci D , Danielson ML , Holbrook JR , Charania SN , Yamamoto K , Nidey N , Froehlich TE . J Atten Disord 2022 26 (12) 10870547221085502 OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics associated with bullying involvement in pediatric ADHD. METHODS: Data from the 2016 to 2017 National Survey of Children's Health for children aged 6 to 17 years with ADHD were evaluated to assess the association between parent-reported bullying victimization or perpetration and the following potential predictors: demographic characteristics, family factors, school factors, and child conditions/behaviors. RESULTS: Among children with ADHD, 46.9% were bullying victims and 16.2% were perpetrators. Factors associated with victimization included having family financial strain, developmental delay or intellectual disability, friendship difficulties, and school reports about problems. Factors linked to perpetration included being male, receiving government assistance, lack of school engagement, school reports about problems, and having difficulties with friendships, staying calm, and arguing. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD frequently were bullying victims and sometimes bullying perpetrators. Factors related to family financial strain, developmental disabilities, emotional regulation, peer relationships, and school functioning may help to identify risk for bullying and opportunities for anti-bullying interventions. |
Coronavirus Disease Case Definitions, Diagnostic Testing Criteria, and Surveillance in 25 Countries with Highest Reported Case Counts.
Suthar AB , Schubert S , Garon J , Couture A , Brown AM , Charania S . Emerg Infect Dis 2022 28 (1) 148-156 We compared case definitions for suspected, probable, and confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as well as diagnostic testing criteria, used in the 25 countries with the highest reported case counts as of October 1, 2020. Of the identified countries, 56% followed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for using a combination of clinical and epidemiologic criteria as part of the suspected case definition. A total of 75% of identified countries followed WHO recommendations on using clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic criteria for probable cases; 72% followed WHO recommendations to use PCR testing to confirm COVID-19. Finally, 64% of countries used testing eligibility criteria at least as permissive as WHO. We observed marked heterogeneity in testing eligibility requirements and in how countries define a COVID-19 case. This heterogeneity affects the ability to compare case counts, transmission, and vaccine effectiveness, as well as estimates derived from case surveillance data across countries. |
Psychometric Assessment of Pilot Language and Communication Items on the 2018 and 2019 National Survey of Children's Health
Hutchins H , Robinson L , Charania S , Ghandour R , Hirsh-Pasek K , Zubler J . Acad Pediatr 2021 22 (7) 1133-1141 OBJECTIVE: Until recently, normative data on language and communication development among children in the United States have not been available to inform critical efforts to promote language development and prevent impairments. This study represents the first psychometric assessment of nationally representative data derived from a National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) pilot measure of language and communication development among children ages 1-5 years. METHODS: We analyzed 14,573 parent responses to language and communication items on the 2018 and 2019 NSCH to evaluate whether the newly added 11 items represent a single latent trait for language and communication development and to determine normative age of success on each item. We applied weighted, one-parameter Item Response Theory to rate and cluster items by difficulty relative to developmental language ability. We examined Differential Item Functioning (DIF) using weighted logistic regression by demographic factors. RESULTS: Together, exploratory factor analysis resulting in a single factor > 1 and explaining 93% of the variance and positive correlations indicated unidimensionality of the measure. Item characteristic curves indicated groupings were overall concordant with proposed milestone ages and representative of an approximate 90% success cut-point by child age. Indicated normative age cut-points for three of the items differed slightly from proposed milestone ages. Uniform DIF was not observed and potential nonuniform DIF was observed across 5 items. CONCLUSIONS: Results have the potential to enhance understanding of risk and protective factors, inform efforts to promote language and communication development, and guide programmatic efforts on early detection of language delays.Psychometric Assessment of Pilot Language and Communication Items on the 2018 and 2019 National Survey of Children's Health. |
Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Among US Children with and Without Tourette Syndrome
Charania SN , Danielson ML , Claussen AH , Lebrun-Harris LA , Kaminski JW , Bitsko RH . J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021 43 (1) 23-31 OBJECTIVE: Tourette syndrome (TS) and co-occurring mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) have been shown to affect peer relationships. This study provides nationally representative estimates of diagnosed TS prevalence and the prevalence of parent-reported bullying victimization and perpetration among US children with and without TS. METHODS: This study included 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health data on children aged 6 to 17 years (N = 51,001) with parent-reported responses about TS diagnosis and their child's experiences with bullying victimization and perpetration. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates of diagnosed TS and of bullying indicators among children ever diagnosed with TS compared with peers without TS. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios of bullying involvement by TS status, controlling for age, sex, and co-occurring MBDDs. RESULTS: By parent report, 0.3% of US children had ever received a diagnosis of TS; most children with a TS diagnosis (83.2%) had a co-occurring MBDD. Among children with TS, 56.1% experienced bullying victimization, 20.7% experienced bullying perpetration, and 15.9% experienced both, compared with 21.6%, 6.0%, and 4.1% for children without TS, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and co-occurring MBDDs, only the association between TS and bullying victimization remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Compared with children without TS, children with TS overall experience more bullying victimization and perpetration. Health care professionals treating children with TS could assess challenges with peer relationships and co-occurring disorders to provide targeted support and referral. |
Factors associated with self-regulation in a nationally representative sample of children ages 3-5 years: United States, 2016
Claussen AH , Robinson LR , Kaminski JW , Charania S , Holbrook JR , So M , Ghandour R , Smith C , Satterfield-Nash A , Peacock G , Boyle C . Matern Child Health J 2020 25 (1) 27-37 OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to describe self-regulation (the ability to influence or control one's thoughts or behavior in response to situational demands and social norms) in children ages 3-5 years using a nationally representative sample and examine risk and protective factors to identify opportunities to support children and families. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, we examined data from a parent-reported pilot measure of self-regulation from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). We compared U.S. children aged 3-5 years who were described by parents as "on track" with self-regulation development with children who were not. In addition, we described how health care and developmental services, community, family, and child health and development factors are associated with children's self-regulation. RESULTS: The majority of children (4 of 5) were described by their parents to be developmentally on track with self-regulation. Compared to children described as not on track, children described as on track more often lived in financially and socially advantaged environments and less often experienced family adversity. They also had other positive health and development indicators, whether or not they were receiving developmental services. However, only half of children not on track received developmental surveillance, and only 1 in 4 children described as not on track received educational, mental health, or developmental services. CONCLUSION: The findings are a step towards using self-regulation as an indicator of healthy child development and as a potential strategy to identify groups of children who may need additional support. |
Community-based prevalence of externalizing and internalizing disorders among school-aged children and adolescents in four geographically dispersed school districts in the United States
Danielson ML , Bitsko RH , Holbrook JR , Charania SN , Claussen AH , McKeown RE , Cuffe SP , Owens JS , Evans SW , Kubicek L , Flory K . Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020 52 (3) 500-514 The Project to Learn About Youth-Mental Health (PLAY-MH; 2014-2018) is a school-based, two-stage study designed to estimate the prevalence of selected mental disorders among K-12 students in four U.S.-based sites (Colorado, Florida, Ohio, and South Carolina). In Stage 1, teachers completed validated screeners to determine student risk status for externalizing or internalizing problems or tics; the percentage of students identified as being at high risk ranged from 17.8% to 34.4%. In Stage 2, parents completed a structured diagnostic interview to determine whether their child met criteria for fourteen externalizing or internalizing disorders; weighted prevalence estimates of meeting criteria for any disorder were similar in three sites (14.8%-17.8%) and higher in Ohio (33.3%). PLAY-MH produced point-in-time estimates of mental disorders in K-12 students, which may be used to supplement estimates from other modes of mental disorder surveillance and inform mental health screening and healthcare and educational services. |
The association between substance use and intimate partner violence within black male same-sex relationships
Wu E , El-Bassel N , McVinney LD , Hess L , Fopeano MV , Hwang HG , Charania M , Mansergh G . J Interpers Violence 2014 30 (5) 762-81 Compared with the extant research on heterosexual intimate partner violence (IPV)-including the knowledge base on alcohol and illicit drug use as predictors of such IPV-there is a paucity of studies on IPV among men who have sex with men (MSM), especially Black MSM. This study investigates the prevalence of experiencing and perpetrating IPV among a sample of Black MSM couples and examines whether heavy drinking and/or illicit substance use is associated with IPV. We conducted a secondary analysis on a data set from 74 individuals (constituting 37 Black MSM couples) screened for inclusion in a couple-based HIV prevention pilot study targeting methamphetamine-involved couples. More than one third (n= 28, 38%) reported IPV at some point with the current partner: 24 both experiencing and perpetrating, 2 experiencing only, and 2 perpetrating only. IPV in the past 30 days was reported by 21 (28%) of the participants: 18 both experiencing and perpetrating, 1 experiencing only, and 2 perpetrating only. Heavy drinking and methamphetamine use each was associated significantly with experiencing and perpetrating IPV throughout the relationship as well as in the past 30 days. Rock/crack cocaine use was significantly associated with any history of experiencing and perpetrating IPV. Altogether, IPV rates in this sample of Black MSM couples equal or exceed those observed among women victimized by male partners as well as the general population of MSM. This exploratory study points to a critical need for further efforts to understand and address IPV among Black MSM. Similar to heterosexual IPV, results point to alcohol and illicit drug use treatment as important avenues to improve the health and social well-being of Black MSM. |
Text messaging reduces HIV risk behaviors among methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men
Reback CJ , Grant DL , Fletcher JB , Branson CM , Shoptaw S , Bowers JR , Charania M , Mansergh G . AIDS Behav 2012 16 (7) 1993-2002 Text-messaging interventions present a novel approach for targeting high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) who may not respond to or may be difficult to reach for face-to-face or site-based interventions. Project Tech Support (N = 52) was an open label pilot study testing the feasibility and utility of a text-messaging intervention to reduce methamphetamine use and high-risk sexual behaviors among out-of-treatment MSM. Participants in the two-week intervention received social support and health education text messages transmitted in real-time. At follow-up, there were significant decreases in frequency of methamphetamine use and unprotected sex while on methamphetamine (both p < 0.01), and a significant increase in self-reported abstinence from methamphetamine use (13.3 % vs. 48.9 %; p < 0.001). Additionally, participants reported reductions of unprotected anal intercourse with HIV-positive partners (p < 0.01); with HIV-negative partners, participants reported fewer insertive and receptive episodes (both p < 0.05). Findings demonstrate that text messaging is a promising intervention for reaching and potentially changing HIV high-risk behaviors among out-of-treatment, methamphetamine-using MSM. |
Efficacy of HIV/STI behavioral interventions for heterosexual African American men in the United States: a meta-analysis
Henny KD , Crepaz N , Lyles CM , Marshall KJ , Aupont LW , Jacobs ED , Liau A , Rama S , Kay LS , Willis LA , Charania MR . AIDS Behav 2012 16 (5) 1092-114 This meta-analysis estimates the overall efficacy of HIV prevention interventions to reduce HIV sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among heterosexual African American men. A comprehensive search of the literature published during 1988-2008 yielded 44 relevant studies. Interventions significantly reduced HIV sexual risk behaviors and STIs. The stratified analysis for HIV sexual risk behaviors indicated that interventions were efficacious for studies specifically targeting African American men and men with incarceration history. In addition, interventions that had provision/referral of medical services, male facilitators, shorter follow-up periods, or emphasized the importance of protecting family and significant others were associated with reductions in HIV sexual risk behaviors. Meta-regression analyses indicated that the most robust intervention component is the provision/referral of medical services. Findings indicate that HIV interventions for heterosexual African American men might be more efficacious if they incorporated a range of health care services rather than HIV/STI-related services alone. |
Feasibility and promise of a couple-based HIV/STI preventive intervention for methamphetamine-using, black men who have sex with men
Wu E , El-Bassel N , Donald McVinney L , Hess L , Remien RH , Charania M , Mansergh G . AIDS Behav 2011 15 (8) 1745-54 Accumulating evidence supports couple-based approaches for HIV/STI preventive interventions. Yet, to date, no studies have examined couple-based sexual risk reductions intervention specifically for men who have sex with men (MSM) from populations with elevated rates of HIV/STI transmission, such as black MSM and methamphetamine-involved MSM. We pilot tested-using a pre-/post-test design-a seven-session couple-based intervention for black, methamphetamine-using, black MSM couples engaging in sexual risk. Feasibility was assessed via recruitment and retention rates; potential efficacy relied on self-reported sexual risk and drug use prior to and two months following intervention delivery. We enrolled 34 couples (N = 68 men). Over 80% attended all seven intervention sessions, and retention exceeded 95% at two-month follow-up. At follow-up, participants reported significantly fewer sexual partners, fewer episodes of unprotected anal sex, and greater condom use with their main partner; participants also reported significantly less methamphetamine use, any illicit drug use, and number of illicit drugs used. These findings indicate that couple-based HIV/STI intervention is feasible and promising for at-risk black MSM couples. |
Efficacy of structural-level condom distribution interventions: a meta-analysis of U.S. and international studies, 1998-2007
Charania MR , Crepaz N , Guenther-Gray C , Henny K , Liau A , Willis LA , Lyles CM . AIDS Behav 2010 15 (7) 1283-97 This systematic review examines the overall efficacy of U.S. and international-based structural-level condom distribution interventions (SLCDIs) on HIV risk behaviors and STIs and identifies factors associated with intervention efficacy. A comprehensive literature search of studies published from January 1988 through September 2007 yielded 21 relevant studies. Significant intervention effects were found for the following outcomes: condom use, condom acquisition/condom carrying, delayed sexual initiation among youth, and reduced incident STIs. The stratified analyses for condom use indicated that interventions were efficacious for various groups (e.g., youth, adults, males, commercial sex workers, clinic populations, and populations in areas with high STI incidence). Interventions increasing the availability of or accessibility to condoms or including additional individual, small-group or community-level components along with condom distribution were shown to be efficacious in increasing condom use behaviors. This review suggests that SLCDIs provide an efficacious means of HIV/STI prevention. |
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